Compounded annual growth rate 10Y is an annualised return metric over a horizon of 10 years.
Formula = {(Ending NAV / Beginning NAV)^(1/10)} - 1
CAGR is the average growth over the horizon, the year wise returns might be erratic and uneven.
For example : Following are the NAVs of fund A on different dates
31st March 2011 : 75
31st March 2016 : 150
31st March 2018 : 172
31st March 2021 : 225
Returns as of 31st March 2021 would be -
CAGR 3Y = {(225/175)^(⅓)}-1 = 8.74%
CAGR 5Y = {(225/150)^(⅕)}-1 = 8.45%
CAGR 10Y = {(225/75)^(1/10)}-1 = 11.61%